shtefa_18

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2025-02-11

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	5572		0		17		130
Ø Tier	7,30		0,00		7,94		8,33
Victories	2853	51,20%	0	0,00%	8	47,06%	59	45,38%
Defeats	2647	47,51%	0	0,00%	9	52,94%	70	53,85%
Draws	72	1,29%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	1	0,77%
Battles survived	1480	26,56%	0	0,00%	4	23,53%	34	26,15%
Tanks destroyed	4472	0,80	0	0,00	18	1,06	107	0,82
Destruction ratio	1,09		0,00		1,38		1,11
Tanks spotted	5940	1,07	0	0,00	19	1,12	128	0,98
Damage dealt	971,96		0,00		1.569,18		1.402,67
Capture points	2096	0,38	0	0,00	4	0,24	4	0,03
Defense points	2424	0,44	0	0,00	31	1,82	45	0,35
Experience	587,53		0,00		795,88		584,05
WN7	1050,15		0,00		1423,16		1013,44
WN8	1284,12		0,00		1818,75		1243,84

Total
Battles	5572
Ø Tier	7,30
Victories	2853	51,20%
Defeats	2647	47,51%
Draws	72	1,29%
Battles survived	1480	26,56%
Tanks destroyed	4472	0,80
Destruction ratio	1,09
Tanks spotted	5940	1,07
Damage dealt	971,96
Capture points	2096	0,38
Defense points	2424	0,44
Experience	587,53
WN7	1050,15
WN8	1284,12

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Ø Tier	0,00
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00
WN7	0,00
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	17
Ø Tier	7,94
Victories	8	47,06%
Defeats	9	52,94%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	4	23,53%
Tanks destroyed	18	1,06
Destruction ratio	1,38
Tanks spotted	19	1,12
Damage dealt	1.569,18
Capture points	4	0,24
Defense points	31	1,82
Experience	795,88
WN7	1423,16
WN8	1818,75

Past 30 days
Battles	130
Ø Tier	8,33
Victories	59	45,38%
Defeats	70	53,85%
Draws	1	0,77%
Battles survived	34	26,15%
Tanks destroyed	107	0,82
Destruction ratio	1,11
Tanks spotted	128	0,98
Damage dealt	1.402,67
Capture points	4	0,03
Defense points	45	0,35
Experience	584,05
WN7	1013,44
WN8	1243,84

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	6		0		0		0
Victories	5	83,33%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	1	16,67%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	4	66,67%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	2	0,33	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	1,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	4	0,67	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	764,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	53	8,83	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	785,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	6
Victories	5	83,33%
Defeats	1	16,67%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	4	66,67%
Tanks destroyed	2	0,33
Destruction ratio	1,00
Tanks spotted	4	0,67
Damage dealt	764,00
Capture points	53	8,83
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	785,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (82)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
AE Phase I	9	1470,07	738	387	51,94%	1325,61
Bat.-Châtillon 25 t AP	9	1170,97	641	261	51,34%	1141,81
Centurion Mk. 7/1	9	1392,19	665	253	53,75%	1352,53
Bat.-Châtillon 12 t	8	507,86	512	224	49,55%	836,55
Centurion Mk. I	8	769,86	533	215	44,65%	846,12
Cromwell	6	689,35	584	208	55,29%	1455,66
KV-2	6	1008,29	646	192	55,21%	1884,44
Bat.-Châtillon 25 t	10	1557,58	652	184	45,11%	1166,75
AMX 12 t	6	459,71	521	182	47,25%	1328,52
Patton the Tank	9	897,97	524	168	45,24%	691,58
KV-1	5	931,39	548	167	60,48%	2268,65
AMX ELC bis	5	369,28	355	159	47,80%	1284,26
AMX 13 75	7	473,50	567	149	53,02%	946,02
IS-3	8	1276,94	743	144	53,47%	1554,94
FV215b	10	1413,05	531	128	36,72%	836,56
Centurion Action X	10	1728,21	699	127	47,24%	1267,57
StuG III Ausf. G	5	618,43	396	120	55,83%	1501,11
Hummel	6	539,90	403	120	50,83%	693,44
G.W. Panther	7	740,62	497	111	47,75%	760,38
IS	7	1054,54	670	105	51,43%	1536,90
T-34-85	6	832,02	600	103	66,02%	1829,82
Object 252U	8	1450,88	911	101	64,36%	1593,42
Char Futur 4	9	1672,83	840	100	54,00%	1620,99
T28 Prototype	8	1351,29	685	95	48,42%	1576,07
M18 Hellcat	6	720,40	498	84	45,24%	1127,95
Comet	7	824,87	689	84	47,62%	1331,07
T30	9	1397,14	545	81	46,91%	1044,12
Nergal	8	1270,43	691	80	51,25%	1275,88
T-34	5	671,22	535	78	55,13%	2047,48
SU-152	7	673,04	533	68	55,88%	846,89
FV304	6	690,97	363	62	48,39%	1162,13
KV-1S	6	927,60	698	62	54,84%	1847,98
M-II-Y	7	1151,38	656	50	54,00%	1593,80
M8A1	4	634,02	453	45	60,00%	1806,02
M10 Wolverine	5	629,10	492	42	54,76%	1474,16
Bishop	5	575,76	304	41	53,66%	1234,10
Concept 1B	9	1486,85	520	41	29,27%	880,09
StuG III Ausf. B	4	513,00	364	40	52,50%	1409,58
T-50-2	6	507,34	619	38	52,63%	1376,72
Nashorn	6	606,92	396	38	50,00%	854,43
ISU-152	8	707,77	425	35	40,00%	459,97
Jagdpanzer IV	6	746,00	556	35	51,43%	1472,37
T25/2	7	981,32	634	34	64,71%	1418,17
Char Murat	9	1326,03	691	33	54,55%	1185,42
Carro da Combattimento 45 t	10	1788,26	603	31	48,39%	1235,32
BT-7	4	218,37	355	27	59,26%	962,81
Char de transition	6	755,07	629	27	51,85%	1131,06
Pawlack Tank	6	1015,58	768	26	61,54%	2090,12
Pz.Kpfw. IV Schmalturm	6	880,29	682	24	50,00%	1600,69
A-43	6	649,41	599	22	54,55%	1316,47
Tiger 131	6	727,38	660	21	57,14%	1125,16
Grille	5	456,70	385	20	45,00%	780,17
Valentine AT	4	290,80	236	20	35,00%	587,12
Ram II	5	562,16	735	19	68,42%	1715,62
Jagdpanther	7	534,16	427	19	31,58%	475,74
T-28	4	341,37	271	19	52,63%	1005,79
T-43	7	1393,65	1027	17	64,71%	2945,58
T1 Heavy Tank	5	922,53	838	15	80,00%	2523,50
Object 752	9	1977,67	615	15	46,67%	1522,84
GSOR the TANK	9	1081,67	513	15	46,67%	818,23
AT 2	5	421,92	307	13	46,15%	791,93
BT-5	3	475,92	308	13	53,85%	1699,84
TS-54	8	910,46	629	13	46,15%	714,28
Dicker Max	6	833,08	544	13	30,77%	1326,17
M3 Stuart	3	339,17	245	12	25,00%	1329,54
AMX 40	4	493,64	542	11	63,64%	3066,30
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E	3	665,82	427	11	45,45%	3057,66
112	8	1019,10	426	10	20,00%	832,45
AMX 38	3	307,90	312	10	20,00%	1279,54
T6 Medium	4	546,89	426	9	55,56%	1413,09
Cromwell B	6	876,22	717	9	44,44%	1776,87
Strv S1	8	1424,33	647	9	77,78%	1551,84
M41 HMC	5	420,83	447	6	50,00%	536,64
T78	6	827,25	377	4	50,00%	999,99
Panzerwagen 39	3	440,50	620	4	50,00%	2986,32
StuG IV	5	803,25	879	4	100,00%	2223,68
AMX 105 AM mle. 47	4	341,00	389	3	100,00%	1272,79
TS-5	8	1559,00	1162	2	100,00%	1829,98
CS-52 LIS	8	331,00	704	2	100,00%	318,77
Škoda T 27	8	0,00	374	1	100,00%	261,00
Object 703 Version II	8	1251,00	539	1	0,00%	1240,87
Chaffee Camouflaged	5	306,00	330	1	0,00%	570,34

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[INSET] Insetman!

Position: Recruit

Joined: 2025-02-11

shtefa_18

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (82)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history