Overall Stats

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles8121000
Ø Tier5,470,000,000,00
Victories371645,76%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats429952,94%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws1061,31%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived111713,75%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed27350,3400,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,390,000,000,00
Tanks spotted59700,7400,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt327,640,000,000,00
Capture points27510,3400,0000,0000,00
Defense points10390,1300,0000,0000,00
Experience295,740,000,000,00
WN7450,490,000,000,00
WN8434,300,000,000,00
Total
Battles8121
Ø Tier5,47
Victories371645,76%
Defeats429952,94%
Draws1061,31%
Battles survived111713,75%
Tanks destroyed27350,34
Destruction ratio0,39
Tanks spotted59700,74
Damage dealt327,64
Capture points27510,34
Defense points10390,13
Experience295,74
WN7450,49
WN8434,30
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Ø Tier0,00
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
WN70,00
WN80,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Ø Tier0,00
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
WN70,00
WN80,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Ø Tier0,00
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
WN70,00
WN80,00
Created at:
Last battle:
Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Company statistics

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Team statistics

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Skirmishes statistics

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

TotalPast 24 hoursPast 7 daysPast 30 days
Battles0000
Victories00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Defeats00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Draws00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Battles survived00,00%00,00%00,00%00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,0000,0000,0000,00
Destruction ratio0,000,000,000,00
Tanks spotted00,0000,0000,0000,00
Damage dealt0,000,000,000,00
Capture points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Defense points00,0000,0000,0000,00
Experience0,000,000,000,00
Total
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 24 hours
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 7 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Past 30 days
Battles0
Victories00,00%
Defeats00,00%
Draws00,00%
Battles survived00,00%
Tanks destroyed00,00
Destruction ratio0,00
Tanks spotted00,00
Damage dealt0,00
Capture points00,00
Defense points00,00
Experience0,00
Anzeigen

Tanks (221)

Tank NameMTypeNationTierØ DamageØ XPBattlesVictoriesWN8
Panhard AMD 178B6185,4724821942,92%271,55
Hotchkiss EBR7244,7634621555,81%398,51
AMR 35 2102,1614419244,79%273,42
Lorraine 155 mle. 507346,2030617653,98%307,52
Pawlack Tank6379,4229417238,95%325,12
AMX 13 757263,9531717144,44%312,89
AMX 12 t6266,0825616844,05%504,09
VK 28.016276,6526416440,24%527,88
M10 RBFM 5298,0326616042,50%342,85
KV-26352,8127515344,44%370,58
M18 Hellcat6308,9724714643,84%292,32
BT-7 artillery 3237,4327413745,99%774,90
Vz. 64 Blesk8539,4753413351,88%780,29
AMX ELC bis5172,1122112441,13%316,74
T-345180,6817812238,52%198,13
T-116 3217,5832012161,98%979,29
SU-1527338,0126611935,29%155,46
Panhard AML Lynx 6x68265,0639311942,02%201,93
M-II-Y7622,8145011447,37%654,12
StuG III Ausf. G5255,3119911145,95%358,27
IS-2 shielded 7766,9752510642,45%747,10
M4A3E8 Sherman6248,5128010445,19%242,01
A-20560,5511810338,83%3,26
KV-15360,6127110346,60%547,98
M-III-Y8829,8558710350,49%766,07
FV3046280,3924310244,12%250,98
Bishop5191,801819945,45%192,46
FV226 Contradictious 81000,266299749,48%818,93
Bat.-Châtillon 12 t8524,615689646,88%760,63
IS-7101245,837279252,17%805,91
Super Hellcat 7469,373908639,53%388,59
T207587,045058344,58%651,15
AMX 13 105 AM mle. 505190,121708149,38%222,41
T25/27409,853698141,98%320,80
T-28482,291357247,22%70,96
Bat.-Châtillon 25 t AP9781,795287145,07%559,79
O-I6506,413916947,83%656,70
BT-7453,49946740,30%10,02
T675190,732066645,45%200,40
T1 Heavy5375,063086547,69%569,25
T-29 3293,153016550,77%954,13
M5 Stuart496,941686446,88%111,21
Valentine AT4151,391456445,31%210,64
M8A14160,561566446,88%206,95
O-Ni7807,206056050,00%935,77
Nashorn6390,803536061,67%600,86
M10 Wolverine5246,802105648,21%350,59
T-103 8711,515205545,45%563,21
P26/404253,892215457,41%603,63
Somua SAu 404220,521345435,19%343,32
Spähpanzer SP I C7399,464545440,74%550,51
S35 CA5183,561695248,08%191,75
M2 Light2198,841615030,00%625,94
Pz.Kpfw. II Luchs4117,661394738,30%163,41
Covenanter584,601724555,56%144,61
Type 5781078,226784553,33%1098,16
Type 3 Chi-Nu5177,212234346,51%259,36
AMX 13 F3 AM6283,142364344,19%188,69
IS-M8686,445424344,19%539,76
T-34 shielded 5271,142954339,53%380,08
M5A1 Stuart4212,642034250,00%582,38
Lorraine 39L AM337,10864250,00%123,29
TKS z n.k.m. 20 mm 2137,052354141,46%528,00
Ikv 72370,71884141,46%24,01
Škoda T 256464,254424040,00%628,56
SDP 57 Gowika7592,484904045,00%570,33
ELC EVEN 90 8546,805404052,50%874,29
B14371,772443948,72%1006,24
Sav m/434133,491303953,85%229,08
T698877,726393956,41%1072,69
M3 Stuart376,651253743,24%74,65
T-46364,411273737,84%0,00
M415222,302193748,65%184,57
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. J4203,831833633,33%356,55
Pz.Kpfw. III Ausf. E3239,861593545,71%608,45
M2 Medium Tank354,601253560,00%174,10
VK 28.01 mit 10,5 cm L/28 6268,833993548,57%466,00
Convert. Medium Tank T3 3314,003593554,29%927,22
Matilda4260,682413450,00%562,06
O-Ho81099,007053354,55%1232,77
Marder II365,12983348,48%62,25
Lorraine 155 mle. 518620,584483333,33%391,05
T-1506690,525353345,45%1003,93
Crusader 5.5-in. SP7573,034313345,45%606,95
SU-76M4145,291423138,71%139,98
T-34-85M 6464,613053135,48%453,37
Type 97 Chi-Ha392,501303043,33%75,78
Type 91 Heavy3118,001163053,33%268,27
T26E5 Patriot 8605,634653043,33%494,48
M15/42378,93952937,93%0,00
M3 Lee4101,931262941,38%97,93
Pz.Kpfw. I Ausf. C375,681712860,71%280,76
Škoda T 245130,121752646,15%134,32
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer4134,881812657,69%243,04
T56 GMC3132,001252650,00%273,71
Cruiser Mk. IV4104,811402638,46%66,20
T-34-856370,324032536,00%408,25
Pvlvv fm/42220,48712544,00%76,37
M7561,241642568,00%261,00
Škoda T 177207,633182437,50%127,54
IS-2-II81392,177172356,52%1715,28
T26E3 Eagle 7 7391,522802347,83%310,90
AT 86408,865122245,45%532,80
Type 1 Chi-He454,621082138,10%0,00
Type 4 Ju-To7516,814412138,10%338,38
Windhund 8804,484372133,33%566,36
Ikv 1035272,902612050,00%528,83
AMX 105 AM mle. 474144,451352040,00%214,88
BT-2222,21771947,37%61,24
Panzerjäger I247,95791942,11%7,98
SDP 58 Kilana8593,794391931,58%290,47
SU-122A5107,581621957,89%184,06
SU-76G FT4104,50891822,22%0,00
Pz.Kpfw. II235,71921747,06%58,52
Staghound Mk. III6446,713321735,29%582,42
SU-122-44 7300,942861758,82%291,49
Strv m/38223,69501612,50%0,00
KV-371137,817781662,50%1596,74
SU-26319,00861631,25%0,00
ST vz. 394182,131721540,00%338,33
Vickers Medium Mk. III396,201271546,67%161,49
Type 2597 Chi-Ha3277,201691540,00%799,11
Cruiser Mk. III35,93871560,00%160,46
Loyd Gun Carriage216,20591546,67%59,45
BDR G1 B583,431151421,43%0,00
KV-122 7422,213341464,29%491,52
CS-52 LIS 8482,644311428,57%222,53
T-26221,00831353,85%114,86
Cruiser Mk. I135,77761338,46%0,00
T3 HMC223,67791241,67%9,22
M24E2 Super Chaffee 6378,926141275,00%1085,87
Type 3 Ju-Nu6602,915781154,55%810,92
ARL V396444,094251154,55%648,26
Pz.Kpfw. I250,361541172,73%261,92
M14/41282,501051040,00%34,55
Semovente M415236,002091030,00%225,48
Type 89 I-Go/Chi-Ro274,301121060,00%220,54
T1 HMC24,8967955,56%157,51
AMX 404203,78196933,33%542,55
Type 95 Heavy467,78186966,67%261,00
AMX 38391,67122933,33%95,46
AT 25196,56192922,22%181,27
Vickers Medium Mk. II260,8883837,50%29,01
Chi-Ni249,25106850,00%81,30
IS71081,88820875,00%1682,81
M2250,75129862,50%182,87
10TP3120,38126837,50%203,97
SU-5450,0077850,00%135,20
Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. G328,3899837,50%0,00
MT-25693,50320850,00%118,48
T6 Medium4164,25139825,00%116,02
M16/43 Sahariano 3261,13362875,00%757,05
Vickers Medium Mk. I156,86101742,86%61,11
Strv m/40L342,86101742,86%32,50
SU-1822,7128714,29%0,00
T-26G FT271,5759728,57%0,00
M24 Chaffee5242,00288757,14%687,42
GSOR the TANK 9755,29719771,43%718,31
Renault FT 75 BS215,6798683,33%261,00
P.435263,17225650,00%573,79
Churchill I5363,50434666,67%763,95
MS-1144,3359616,67%0,00
AEC Armoured Car588,33177633,33%0,00
D2339,60161580,00%261,00
Cromwell644,80176540,00%14,69
Strv m/425473,405555100,00%1463,47
Renault NC-31128,204250,00%0,00
7TP247,605550,00%0,33
T2 Medium Tank24,8077540,00%0,00
SDP 44 Burza6468,80363540,00%532,59
T-703287,20194560,00%1076,61
Object 283 9287,00371520,00%0,00
Char de transition 6303,20412560,00%367,72
Strv fm/21142,25102450,00%76,27
4TP113,503940,00%0,00
AT-1284,251794100,00%338,33
Universal Carrier 2-pdr211,2537450,00%77,53
Sturer Emil7517,75411450,00%521,50
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H5262,00277425,00%394,60
Fiat 3000113,002130,00%0,00
T1 Cunningham120,67110366,67%218,72
Renault Otsu129,331313100,00%261,00
Pz.Kpfw. 35 (t)266,00116366,67%302,06
M66372,00421333,33%291,33
Lago44,33103333,33%0,00
14TP430,3382333,33%0,00
Leichttraktor125,0070333,33%0,00
Sexton II30,00101366,67%249,96
Ikv 65 Alt II6272,67288366,67%445,04
T-50571,00161333,33%0,00
Cavalier5111,33270333,33%3,10
Gabler’s Destroyer 587,67370366,67%264,10
Pz.Sfl. IC 4145,33214366,67%403,18
Strv S1 8198,33302333,33%0,00
SU-855361,5017220,00%508,85
LT vz. 383116,501552100,00%447,08
ARL 446278,00467250,00%311,90
Type T-3450,00148250,00%107,96
IS-38969,5034520,00%699,93
VK 16.02 Leopard50,50108250,00%113,42
Wespe3110,0069250,00%246,94
G.Pz. Mk. VI (e)20,001420,00%0,00
StuG III Ausf. B470,001612100,00%261,00
T-50-2 697,005652100,00%261,00
M4A1 Revalorisé 80,0014720,00%0,00
Kolohousenka10,001210,00%0,00
LT vz. 352133,002361100,00%675,64
Renault FT125,009510,00%0,00
M4A1 Sherman5104,008610,00%0,00
Stuart I-IV30,001310,00%0,00
D120,0012610,00%0,00
VK 30.01 (H)5406,0021510,00%616,28
Vz. 44-17710,0030810,00%553,15
Renault R35229,002421100,00%261,00
Object 2579767,008061100,00%621,76
Black Prince II 7337,0031110,00%127,27
KV-1SA 591,0019410,00%0,00
T-45 2226,002971100,00%1197,37
Type 5 Ka-Ri 8499,0020110,00%137,49
Valiant 50,003271100,00%261,00
Fantôme 91781,006571100,00%1450,66

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history